Preview:
GOU DPO "Leningrad Regional Institute for Educational Development"
CPC "Priority directions and innovative technologies in improving the educational process in primary school"
PROJECT ASSIGNMENT
Lesson summary on literary reading in 2nd grade
Subject: Images of Winter and Spring in a poem by F.I. Tyutchev
“It’s not for nothing that winter is angry.”
Educational and educational complex "Prospective Primary School"
Textbook: N.A. Churakova Literary reading, grade 2, part 2 Moscow, Academbook \ Textbook, 2010.
Performed:
Ardilan Lyudmila Sergeevna
Municipal educational institution "Korobitsynskaya Secondary School"
Vyborg district, Len. region
Teaching experience: 14 years
Higher education
phone: 8-921-7579448
2011
The purpose of the lesson: show an example of a special view of nature from the point of view of the poet F.I. Tyutchev, who found unusual vivid comparisons and “revitalized” natural images.
Tasks:
- Introduce the work of F.I. Tyutchev “Winter is angry for good reason”
- Teach children to determine the theme and main idea of a work
- Improve expressive reading skills based on the perception and transmission of the artistic features of the text.
- Develop the ability to read “to oneself” based on rereading the text
- Continue to formgeneral educational skills:
Develop cognitive interests
Develop the ability to work with a book and dictionary
Ability to find necessary information in text
Work in pairs, learn to negotiate, distribute work
Evaluate yourself and your friends
Develop the ability to organize your activities
- Develop imagination, attention, and the ability to express your attitude to what you read.
- Cultivate a love for nature.
Equipment: 1. Textbook “Literary reading. 2nd grade" N.A. Churakova
2. Textbook “Russian language, part 2.” N.A. Churakova.
3. Phonogram of music by P.I. Tchaikovsky “Seasons. April."
During the classes:
Teacher activities | Student activities | |
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Today I propose to start the lesson by listening to an excerpt from a musical work by P.I. Tchaikovsky from the “Seasons” series. Think about what time of year this music corresponds to? What mood were you in when you listened to music? What time of year suits this mood? How did the composer manage to convey the spring mood to us? | (listening to music) Joyful, cheerful, sunny By spring, you can imagine the sound of streams and the singing of birds. With musical sounds | |
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And who, guys, guessed why we started our lesson with this piece of music? That's right, spring is coming and today we will get acquainted with a new literary work about spring. We'll try Can you find out what the next piece in this section will be called? Guess what genre this work will be? Slide No. 1 Who is the main character of this poem? What or who do you think winter is angry about? Why? Determine on which page the work we need is located? | We will probably study a work about spring, because we are studying the section “Nature for the poet is beloved and alive.” ; In the last lesson we talked about the coming of spring; It's already spring outside. Yes, we can open the content and see (children perform) No wonder winter is angry The poem, because Tyutchev is a poet and writes poetry. The main character is winter because the title talks about winter. Winter is angry at spring, because it probably doesn’t want to leave. On page 120 (children open the correct page) | C.6 |
3.Work on the poem by F.I. Tyutchev “Winter is angry for good reason” 25-30 min. | ||
Please read this poem. Did you like the poem? What feelings did you experience? What's your mood? What words did you have difficulty with? How did you deal with this situation?
Explain how you understand the expression “Winter is still busy...” How can you explain to me the word - more? What word can be replaced in this text? What is the author telling us about in his poem? Did we correctly assume that the main literary character of this work is winter? Why are the words “Spring” and “Winter” written in capital letters in the poem? DM : Stand up and try to show Spring only with the help of movements and facial expressions. And now - Winter.
Support your answer with lines from the text. Find the lines from which it is clear that spring is still just a child. Now find other lines that confirm that Spring behaves and behaves like a child.
Well done! Now please find the sign on page 121: Work in pairs. Read the assignment. Agree with each other, distribute the task and get to work. Examination. (listen to all options) Who can add? Think about what words (words-names of objects? signs? actions?) help the poet “revive” natural phenomena? Find and read only these words. Let one of you find words about Winter, and the other about Spring. You can somehow mark these words for yourself.
After the children’s answers, a table appears on the screen: Slide number 2 | (children read a poem) Yes, very interesting I feel sorry for Winter The mood is cheerful, joyful, because spring is coming. The children named the words:
We looked up the meaning of these words in the explanatory dictionary (Russian language textbook, part 2); They asked their desk neighbor. It sprays snow and sends frost. I think - stronger... it just makes noise No, there are two main characters here - winter and spring. Because these are the main characters; the poet represents them as living beings, spiritualizes them. Winter is older, she has a nasty, vindictive character, this is clear from the lines:
And, capturing the snow, She let go, running away...
Spring laughs and makes noise like a child:
And it just makes more noise...
And she only became blusher... She is not angry with Winter, who throws snow in her face, but only becomes blusher. When children play in the snow, they also don’t mind if they get hit in the face. 1 student reads the assignment out loud: \ Read the lines from which it is clear that the poet depicts winter as a living creature. And let your desk neighbor find confirmation that spring is depicted as a living being. \ Stitches from which it is clear that the poet depictsWinter like a living creature:
And he grumbles about Spring...
And, capturing the snow, She let go, running away... To a beautiful child. Lines about Spring:
Washed in the snow And only became blusher Against the enemy. Words-names of actions help the poet to “revive” Winter and Spring. (children agree among themselves and complete the task.) Children take turns saying words | |
Compare your answer options with the table. (I intentionally left out the word... grumbles ...the children noticed it immediatelyand we added this word to the table)
Look carefully at these words and think: What words-names of actions indicate to us the character of the heroes? Spring – what is it like? How does the author talk about her? What kind of character does Winter seem to us? What words indicate her character? Slide No. 3 What kind of spring do you imagine? What kind of winter do you imagine? Try this. In your opinion, which of the guys managed to show the character of the characters with their voice and intonation? Fine! Who wants to try to read the entire poem at once? Did you like how the guys read it? Whose reading did you like the most?
I see that you have already taken a very good look at the illustrations for this poem. Do you agree with the way the artist depicted Spring and Winter? What colors did the artist use to make the image brighter? Tell me, does this poem look like a fairy tale? How did Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev manage to do this? 4.Homework. - Prepare expressive reading poems the next day. Memorize by Monday. \ several children will learn the very next day\ If desired, draw Spring or Winter, as F.I. Tyutchev saw them. | Children compare independently selected words with a table presented on the screen. Spring : she's laughing, she's blushing... Spring is cheerful, kind, cheerful. Winter : angry, grumbling, furious... Winter is angry, rough, dissatisfied with everyone. (as the children answer, these lines are filled in on the screen) Spring is a little girl, she is rosy-cheeked, cheerful, in a green dress. Birds fly after her, and she laughs and brings warmth with her. Winter is an angry old lady who doesn’t want to leave. She flies across the sky, scatters snow, sends a blizzard, wants to prevent spring from coming. Yes, the lines that refer to spring should be read in a cheerful, joyful voice, and about Winter - in a rude, dissatisfied voice. \ 5 students read the poem 1 passage each \ \Children evaluate their comrades' answers. \ -\ 2-3 students who read well and expressively read the poem in full. \ Most children noted reading by Alexandra Zakharova.\ The artist sees these seasons, just like the poet. Winter is an old, evil witch. Paint colors are cold (blue, dark blue) The artist depicted spring as a cheerful girl, and he also used bright, warm colors (yellow, red, bright green) With the help of skillfully selected words-names of actions. |
Textbook pages:
Self-analysis of a lesson on literary reading in grade 2.
UMK "Promising Primary School"
Lesson type: lesson on learning new material.
Lesson topic:
Images of Winter and Spring in F.I. Tyutchev’s poem “Winter is angry for good reason”
There are 12 people in the class. The majority of students in the class have a high level of reading technique (9 people read above the norm and in accordance with the norm), 3 people have a low level of reading technique. The students really enjoy reading lessons, they love to reason, and many express their opinions quite freely. I like the interesting selection of works being studied in the Literary Reading program for 2nd grade; it’s interesting to work with them, an unusual way of looking at things.
This lesson is the tenth in the section “Nature for the poet is beloved and alive.”The main goal of the lessonBased on this work, it was to show the author’s special view of seemingly ordinary natural phenomena, such as the seasons; to show how the author was able to find unusual, vivid comparisons and “revitalized” the images of Winter and Spring.
The structure of the lesson corresponds to the logic of this lesson. In my work, I am guided by the methodological recommendations of the authors of the educational educational complex project “Prospective Primary School”. At the beginning of the lesson, a favorable atmosphere was created for the perception of a literary work. When setting the goals of the lesson, the EMU was practiced: working with a book (with its content). The children determined the theme of the work they were studying and the name of the main character, but later found out that there are two literary heroes. The main part of the lesson was working on a poem.
Situations were created and tasks were given that forced the children to re-read the text repeatedly, which contributed to the formation of the skill of reading, both out loud and “to themselves.” The children looked for the right lines and words with great interest and proved their opinions. During the lesson, forms of organizing cognitive activity were used: frontal and paired.
Children from the first grade work in pairs, know how to negotiate and distribute work. When conducting a survey, I try to get an answer from each couple and listen to their point of view. To preserve the health of children, I try to create a situation of psychological comfort, when every child is successful in his opinion and is not afraid to speak out; I spend dynamic minutes that are as close to the topic of the lesson as possible.
During the lesson of learning new material, students were assessed at the end of the lesson, 5 people received an “excellent” grade for active work in the lesson; one girl (Zakharova A.) received a “5” for expressive reading in class. Knowledge control will be carried out in the next lesson, when checking homework. Homework has an additional creative focus.
The atmosphere in the lesson was friendly. The children were active and attentive during the lesson. They worked with pleasure, told and showed how they imagine the images of Winter and Spring. Almost all the children felt sorry for Winter, despite the image of an “evil old woman” presented by the author. I think the lesson was quite intense and went well.
The lesson has achieved its goal.
Ardilan L.S.
Physical phenomena
in Russian poetry
poets
The study of physical phenomena and laws in connection with the consideration of their reflection in works of fiction: writers and poets vividly and figuratively glorify their native nature, talk about characteristic natural phenomena.
Where the nuclei of atoms are fused by heat.
Why are you looking at me so icy?
A grain of sand on the crust of the globe.
And he dedicated one of his poems to the rainbow:
How unexpected and bright
In the damp blue sky,
Aerial arch erected
In your momentary celebration!
One end stuck into the forests,
Gone behind the clouds for others -
She took away half the sky
And she became exhausted at the height.
Oh, in this rainbow vision
What a treat for the eyes!
It is long ago for us for a moment,
Catch him - catch him quickly!
The light and warmth of a fire always attract people and create a lyrical mood, as described, for example, in a poem
Brightly twinkling stars
In the blue of the sky;
Moon's radiance
Falls on the forest.
Heard between the bushes
Laughter and conversation;
It's hot with mowers
A fire has been lit.
Stars over the fields
Wilderness and reeds...
So they pour on their own
Sounds from the soul.
A candle plays a special role among artificial light sources: it has become a symbol of life, knowledge, as well as the memory of the dead, a symbol of the immortality of human souls. Thanks to this, in B. Pasternak’s poem the image of a candle creates a corresponding lyrical and philosophical subtext:
Chalk, chalk all over the earth
To all limits.
The candle was burning on the table,
The candle was burning.
Like a swarm of midges in summer
Flies into the flames
Flakes flew from the yard
To the window frame.
A snowstorm sculpted on the glass
Circles and arrows,
The candle was burning on the table,
The candle was burning.
It was the candle that served as the “starting point” for the Russian electrical engineer when creating a lamp with an electric arc -
"Yablochkov's candles"
Everywhere, constantly on earth, the water cycle takes place in nature.
All inhabitants of our planet are its witnesses, witnesses of evaporation, boiling and condensation of moisture. Let us turn to fiction, where there are descriptions of these phenomena.
Let us now answer several physical questions related to fragments from poetic works.
"Two brothers":
The low valleys are smoking,
Where are the heaps of small huts
With dirty yards...
Question: Why does fog most often form in lowlands?
(Answer: Cold air stagnates in low places.)
Russian writer Ivan Alekseevich Bunin.
"Cold Spring":
Among crooked trunks, among gnarled branches
Milky smoke creeps in: the garden is being fumigated.
All the apple trees are in bloom - and behold, in the green grass
The lights, like tongues, turn red and tremble.
The colorless smell is pure - expect frost at midnight.
And the nightingales sing all night from their warm nests
In the blue dope of smoking manure,
In the silver dust there are foggy bright stars.
Questions: Why are flowering apple trees fumigated in anticipation of frost?
Why can frosts be expected in early spring with a cloudless sky?
(Answers. Fumigation of garden trees saturates the air with tiny particles of combustion products, and steam from the air condenses on them, releasing heat that warms the flowers. When the sky is cloudless, the earth is greatly cooled by radiation; smoke blocks this radiation.)
Russian writer Nikolai Nosov.
"Dunno on the Moon":
Vintik and Shpuntik, being in a state of weightlessness, wanted to boil the kettle. “At first everything went well, but after a few minutes Vintik and Shpuntik saw water begin to bubble out from the spout of the kettle, as if someone was pushing it out from the inside. Shpuntik quickly plugged the spout of the kettle with his finger, but water immediately began to bubble out from under the lid.
This bubble grew larger and larger, finally came off the lid and, shaking as if it were made of liquid jelly, floated through the air.”
Questions: how to explain what happened?
Why couldn't Vintik and Shpuntik boil water in the kettle?
(Answers: Zero gravity. In zero gravity, convection is impossible.
The bottom layer of water in the kettle heats up and turns into steam.
The steam expands and displaces cold water from the kettle.)
From a poem by a Russian poet F. Tyutcheva “Clouds are melting in the sky...”:
The clouds are melting in the sky,
And, radiant in the heat,
A river rolls in sparks...
Questions : did you recognize the physical phenomenon discussed here? Name it. Why does the surface of the water sparkle?
(Answers. The described phenomenon is associated with the reflection of light. There are always ripples and small whirlpools on the surface of the water; it can be represented as a set of concave and convex mirrors. Concave “mirrors” focus the sun’s rays, so bright sparkles appear on the water. Since the surface “mirror” waves are constantly moving, the sparks seem to flash on and off.)
Poetic images of various natural light sources.
Rainbow: Spring sun with rain
Build a rainbow together -
Seven-color semicircle
Of seven wide arcs.
No sun and no rain
Not a single nail
And they built it in no time
Celestial Gate.
Stars: So many stars crowded into the frame
Between the window sashes.
They sparkle in the evenings
Like golden letters.
In the window's close semicircle
By remembering, you recognize
Polygons and arcs-
Universe fire drawing.
Lightning: And then summer said goodbye
With a stop. Taking off my hat,
One hundred blinding photographs
At night I photographed the thunder as a souvenir.
The lilac brush has faded. In it
Time he picked up an armful
Lightning, they trawl from the field
Light up the executive house.
Fire: There is nothing sadder than the night
A fire forgotten in the forest.
Oh, how he trembles as he goes out
And flaring up in the wind!
Cold night wind from the sea
Suddenly flies into the forest:
He, spinning wildly, throws
Decayed pine weeds into the fire
And the flame flares up greedily,
And the darkness hanging like a tent,
Suddenly it trembles, opening
Trunks and branches over the fire.
Riddle competition:
1. Once they asked the rose, why, while enchanting the eye, do you scratch us cruelly with prickly thorns?
(the points of the spike have a very small cross-sectional area).
2. Have you ever walked through a swamp? Was it easy for you? That's it! Then why does the huge elk run so easily through the swamp?
(The moose’s hooves are forked. There is a membrane between them. Therefore, the area of support for the moose’s leg is quite large, and the pressure is relatively small).
3. The flight attendant very nicely asked me to empty all the ink from my pens before departure. Why did she need this?
(At high altitudes, the ambient air pressure is low, and the pressure in the pen is equal to the atmospheric pressure at the surface of the earth. Excessive pressure may cause ink to flow out of the pen.)
4. What mistake was made in the poet’s poem:
She lived and flowed along the glass, but suddenly she was shackled with frost, and the drop became a motionless piece of ice, and the warmth in the world decreased?
(When water turns into ice, heat is released rather than lost.)
5. It was winter. Sherlock Holmes entered the room from the street. Through the frozen windows, only the edge of the road was visible. “The landlady is lazy,” he thought. Why did he come to this conclusion?
(Answer: The windows in the owner's apartment were frozen. This means that warm, moist air from the room penetrated into the space between the frames and, coming into contact with the cold glass, froze on it. Consequently, the windows are poorly insulated.)
6. Having come to visit, Sherlock Holmes went to the window and looked out of it. “Your house is stone and cold,” he remarked. What allowed him to say that?
(Answer: Through the window he saw that the house was made of stone and its walls were thin; brick is not a very good heat insulator.)
7. “Would you like some tea?” - asked the owner of the house Sherlock Holmes. “Yes,” answered the guest. “That’s good,” said the owner. “But I like hot tea, so I put a piece of sugar in it just before drinking it.” “It’s wiser to do this earlier, as soon as it’s poured for you,” advised Sherlock Holmes. Is he right?
(Answer: Right. If you put sugar directly into hot tea, its temperature will immediately drop, and the lower it is, i.e., the less different from room temperature, the slower the tea cools.)
8. “Pancakes are delicious when they are hot,” said the hostess, inviting Sherlock Holmes to the table. “To keep them hot longer,” she continued, “I place a plate of pancakes on a woven wire tray. I ask you to." “It’s better to put them on a wooden stand,” Holmes advised. What is this advice based on?
(Answer: The thermal conductivity of wood is less than that of metal, so the plate cools down more slowly on a wooden stand.)
9. The owner of the house where Holmes was, came to the door and let the cat into the room. Looking at the cat, Sherlock Holmes said: “The weather outside is cold.” How did he determine this?
(Answer: Obviously, from the cat's fur. In cold weather, the wool becomes especially fluffy so that there is more air in the space between the fibers - a poor conductor of heat.)
Riddles on the topic “Nature and phenomena in it.”
Each answer is accompanied by a physical question.
1. It does not sink in water and does not burn in fire. What it is?
(answer: ice)
Question: When will a kettle with boiling water cool down faster: if you put it on ice or if you put ice on the lid?
(Answer: when ice is placed on the lid of the kettle; in this case, a cold layer of water will form around the ice, which is heavier than the rest, and it will sink down; convection currents will arise)
2. Without arms, without legs, but he climbs into the hut. What are we talking about?
(cold, warm)
Question: Why do many animals sleep curled up in a ball in cold weather?
(Answer: A curled up animal has less body surface area, so it cools less. Due to less contact with cold air and less convection)
3. You follow her, she follows you, you follow her, she follows you. What it is?
Question: How to get shadows of different lengths from one stick?
(Answer: you need to tilt the stick at different angles towards the sun)
4. I eat coal, I drink water,
As soon as I get drunk, I’ll speed up.
I’m carrying a train of one hundred wheels.
And I call myself... (Locomotive)
Question: What serves as the working fluid of a steam locomotive engine?
(Answer: steam)
5. What goes on without moving? (Answer: time)
Question: Does time always “go” at the same speed?
(Answer: No; its progress depends on the speed of the reference frame)
“The main advantage of Mr. F. Tyutchev’s poems lies in their lively, graceful, plastically correct depiction of nature. He loves her passionately, understands her perfectly, the most subtle, elusive features and shades of her are accessible to him, and all this is excellently reflected in his poems,” wrote N. A. Nekrasov, highly appreciating Tyutchev’s lyrics of nature and calling the poet's talent is “primary poetic talent.”
F.I. Tyutchev especially loved spring and autumn nature, symbolizing rebirth and withering. He created unique images: thunderstorms, spring waters, the night sea, etc.
Tyutchev’s poem “Autumn Evening” is remarkable - a kind of lyrical reflection evoked by the beauty of nature falling asleep. In it, nature appears in its magnificent festive decoration, the author emphasizes its “touching, mysterious charm.” The poet paints images of the sky, wind, trees, leaves, clear evening. The intonation of the entire poem is soft, soothing, creating a feeling of peace and harmony. Only the “ominous shine and variegation of the trees” and the “gusty, cold wind” foreshadow the approach of late autumn, which is not so calm and sweet. In the poem, Tyutchev humanizes nature, speaks about it in the language of metaphors. This landscape of a clear autumn evening is truly captivating.
A striking contrast to this poem is Tyutchev’s famous hymn to the thunderstorm (“Spring Thunderstorm”). The thunderstorm rumbles, plays, frolics, joyfully proclaiming the awakening of spring nature. By pumping up a trembling sound, Tyutchev conveys the strength and power of a natural phenomenon: “Young peals are thundering...”.
Metaphors help the poet to bring the picture to life: “rain pearls”, “the sun gilds the threads”.
The thunderstorm makes us remember the gods - Tyutchev introduces the image of the goddess Hebe, spilling her “thundering cup” onto the earth.
A distinctive feature of Tyutchev’s lyrics is the comparison of natural phenomena with human experiences. The poet compares the inexhaustible strength and vitality of the key (“The stream has thickened and dimmed ...”) with the spark of life that always flickers in the “orphaned chest”, happy love with northern summer, the breath of spring in the middle of autumn with memories talk about youth...
The image of the sea appears more than once in the poet’s lyrics. Contemplation of the sea was truly exciting for Tyutchev. Vivid evidence of this is the poem “How good you are, O night sea...”, of which the great poet left five versions.
Tyutchev also dedicated the poem “You, my sea wave...” to the sea. The poet is captivated by the willfulness and love of life of the wave, its secret charm, he trusts his soul to it. The wave either laughs, “reflecting the vault of the sky,” then furiously beats against the shore, then whispers affectionately, then murmurs violently, it is “now gloomy, now bright.” She appears as a living, animated being in this poem.
According to V. Ya. Bryusov, “Tyutchev’s poems about nature are almost always a passionate declaration of love. It seems to Tyutchev that the highest bliss available to man is to admire the diverse manifestations of the life of nature.”
What are natural phenomena? What are they? You will find answers to these questions in this article. The material can be useful both for preparing for a lesson on the world around us and for general development.
Everything that surrounds us and is not created by human hands is nature.
All changes that occur in nature are called natural phenomena or natural phenomena. The rotation of the Earth, its movement in orbit, the change of day and night, the change of seasons are examples of natural phenomena.
Seasons are also called seasons. Therefore, natural phenomena associated with the changing seasons are called seasonal phenomena.
Nature, as you know, can be inanimate and living.
Inanimate nature includes: the Sun, stars, celestial bodies, air, water, clouds, stones, minerals, soil, precipitation, mountains.
Living nature includes plants (trees), mushrooms, animals (animals, fish, birds, insects), microbes, bacteria, and humans.
In this article we will look at winter, spring, summer and autumn natural phenomena in animate and inanimate nature.
Winter natural phenomena
| Examples of winter phenomena in inanimate nature | Examples of winter phenomena in wildlife |
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Spring natural phenomena
| Names of spring phenomena in inanimate nature | Names of spring phenomena in wildlife |
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Summer natural phenomena
| Summer natural phenomena in inanimate nature | Summer natural phenomena in wildlife |
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Autumn natural phenomena
| Autumn phenomena in inanimate nature | Autumn phenomena in wildlife |
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Unusual natural phenomena
What natural phenomena still exist? In addition to the seasonal natural phenomena described above, there are several more that are not associated with any time of year.
- Flood called a short-term sudden rise in water level in a river. This sharp rise may be a consequence of heavy rains, the melting of large amounts of snow, the release of an impressive volume of water from the reservoir, or the collapse of glaciers.
- Northern lights- glow of the upper layers of the atmospheres of planets with a magnetosphere due to their interaction with charged particles of the solar wind.
- Ball lightning- a rare natural phenomenon that looks like a luminous formation floating in the air.
- Mirage- an optical phenomenon in the atmosphere: refraction of light streams at the boundary between layers of air that are sharply different in density and temperature.
- « Falling star" - an atmospheric phenomenon that occurs when meteoroids enter the Earth's atmosphere
- Hurricane- extremely fast and strong air movement, often of great destructive power and considerable duration
- Tornado- an ascending vortex of extremely quickly rotating air in the form of a funnel of enormous destructive power, in which moisture, sand and other suspended matter are present.
- Ebbs and flows- These are changes in the water level of the sea elements and the World Ocean.
- Tsunami- long and high waves generated by a powerful impact on the entire thickness of water in the ocean or other body of water.
- Earthquake- represent tremors and vibrations of the earth's surface. The most dangerous of them arise due to tectonic displacements and ruptures in the earth's crust or upper part of the earth's mantle
- Tornado- an atmospheric vortex that arises in a cumulonimbus (thunderstorm) cloud and spreads down, often to the very surface of the earth, in the form of a cloud arm or trunk with a diameter of tens and hundreds of meters
- Eruption- the process of a volcano throwing hot debris, ash onto the earth's surface, an outpouring of magma, which, pouring onto the surface, becomes lava.
- Floods- flooding of land with water, which is a natural disaster.
Changes constantly occur in nature and the weather, sometimes it snows, sometimes it rains, sometimes the sun shines, sometimes clouds appear. All these are called natural phenomena or natural phenomena. Natural phenomena are changes that occur in nature regardless of human will. Many natural phenomena are associated with the changing seasons (seasons), which is why they are called seasonal. Each season, and we have 4 of them - spring, summer, autumn, winter, is characterized by its own natural and weather phenomena. Nature is usually divided into living (animals and plants) and non-living. Therefore, phenomena are also divided into phenomena of living nature and phenomena of inanimate nature. Of course, these phenomena overlap, but some of them are especially characteristic of a particular season.
In the spring, after a long winter, the sun warms up more and more, ice begins to drift on the river, thawed patches appear on the ground, buds swell, and the first green grass grows. The days are getting longer and the nights are getting shorter. It is getting warmer. Migratory birds begin their journey to the region where they will raise their chicks.
What natural phenomena happen in spring?
Snowmelt. As more heat comes from the Sun, the snow begins to melt. The air around is filled with the murmur of streams, which can trigger the onset of floods - a clear sign of spring.
Thawed patches. They appear wherever the snow cover was thinner and where more sun fell on it. It is the appearance of thawed patches that indicates that winter has given up its rights and spring has begun. The first greenery quickly breaks through the thawed patches, and on them you can find the first spring flowers - snowdrops. The snow will lie in crevices and depressions for a long time, but on the hills and fields it melts quickly, exposing the islands of land to the warm sun.
Frost. It was warm and suddenly it froze - frost appeared on the branches and wires. These are frozen crystals of moisture.
Ice drift. In spring it becomes warmer, the ice crust on rivers and lakes begins to crack, and the ice gradually melts. Moreover, there is more water in reservoirs, it carries ice floes downstream - this is ice drift.
High water. Streams of melted snow flow from everywhere to the rivers, they fill reservoirs, and the water overflows its banks.
Thermal winds. The sun gradually warms the earth, and at night it begins to give off this heat, and winds are formed. They are still weak and unstable, but the warmer it gets around, the more the air masses move. Such winds are called thermal; they are characteristic of the spring season.
Rain. The first spring rain is cold, but not as cold as snow:)
Storm. The first thunderstorm may occur at the end of May. Not so strong yet, but bright. Thunderstorms are discharges of electricity in the atmosphere. Thunderstorms often occur when warm air is displaced and lifted by cold fronts.
Hail. This is the fall of ice balls from a cloud. Hail can be anywhere from the size of a tiny pea to a chicken egg, and can even break through a car window!
These are all examples of inanimate natural phenomena.
Flowering is a spring phenomenon of living nature. The first buds appear on the trees in late April - early May. The grass has already sprouted its green stems, and the trees are preparing to put on their green outfits. The leaves will bloom quickly and suddenly and the first flowers are about to bloom, exposing their centers to the awakened insects. Summer is coming soon.
In summer, the grass turns green, flowers bloom, leaves turn green on the trees, and you can swim in the river. The sun warms up well, it can be very hot. Summer has the longest day and shortest night of the year. Berries and fruits are ripening, the harvest is ripe.
In summer there are natural phenomena such as:
Rain. While in the air, water vapor supercools, forming clouds consisting of millions of small ice crystals. Low temperatures in the air, below zero degrees, lead to the growth of crystals and the weighting of frozen drops, which melt in the lower part of the cloud and fall in the form of raindrops on the surface of the earth. In summer, the rain is usually warm, it helps to water the forests and fields. Summer rain is often accompanied by a thunderstorm. If it rains and the sun shines at the same time, it is said to be “Mushroom Rain.” This kind of rain happens when the cloud is small and does not cover the sun.
Heat. In summer, the sun's rays hit the Earth more vertically and heat its surface more intensely. At night, the surface of the earth releases heat into the atmosphere. Therefore, in summer it can be hot during the day and even sometimes at night.
Rainbow. Occurs in an atmosphere with high humidity, often after rain or thunderstorms. A rainbow is an optical phenomenon of nature; for the observer it appears in the form of a multi-colored arc. When the sun's rays are refracted in water droplets, an optical distortion occurs, which consists in the deviation of different colors, the white color is divided into a spectrum of colors in the form of a multi-colored rainbow.
Flowering begins in spring and continues throughout the summer.
In the fall you can no longer run outside in a T-shirt and shorts. It gets colder, the leaves turn yellow, fall off, migratory birds fly away, insects disappear from sight.
The following natural phenomena are typical for autumn:
Leaf fall. Going through their year-round cycle, plants and trees shed their leaves in the fall, exposing bark and branches, preparing for hibernation. Why does a tree get rid of its leaves? So that the fallen snow does not break the branches. Even before the leaves fall, the leaves of the trees dry out, turn yellow or red and, gradually, the wind throws the leaves to the ground, forming leaf fall. This is an autumn phenomenon of wildlife.
Fogs. The earth and water still heat up during the day, but in the evening it gets colder and fog appears. When air humidity is high, for example, after rain or in a damp, cool season, the cooled air turns into small droplets of water hovering above the ground - this is fog.
Dew. These are droplets of water from the air that fell on the grass and leaves in the morning. During the night, the air cools down, the water vapor that is in the air comes into contact with the surface of the earth, grass, tree leaves and settles in the form of water droplets. On cold nights, dew drops freeze, causing it to turn into frost.
Shower. This is heavy, "torrential" rain.
Wind. This is the movement of air currents. In autumn and winter the wind is especially cold.
Just like in spring, there is frost in autumn. This means there is a slight frost outside - frost.
Fog, dew, rain, wind, frost, frost - autumn phenomena of inanimate nature.
In winter it snows and it gets cold. Rivers and lakes are frozen. Winter has the longest nights and the shortest days; it gets dark early. The sun barely warms up.
Thus, the phenomena of inanimate nature characteristic of winter:
Snowfall is the fall of snow.
Blizzard. This is snowfall with wind. It is dangerous to be outside in a snowstorm; it increases the risk of hypothermia. A strong snowstorm can even knock you off your feet.
Freeze-up is the establishment of a crust of ice on the surface of the water. The ice will last all winter until spring, until the snow melts and the spring ice drifts.
Another natural phenomenon - clouds - occurs at any time of the year. Clouds are droplets of water collected in the atmosphere. Water, evaporating on the ground, turns into steam, then, together with warm air currents, rises above the ground. This way water is transported over long distances, ensuring the water cycle in nature.
Unusual natural phenomena
There are also very rare, unusual natural phenomena, such as the northern lights, ball lightning, tornadoes and even fish rain. One way or another, such examples of the manifestation of inanimate natural forces cause both surprise and, at times, anxiety, because many of them can harm humans.
Now you know a lot about natural phenomena and can accurately find those characteristic of a particular season :)
The materials were prepared for a lesson on the subject The World around us in 2nd grade, the Perspective and School of Russia (Pleshakov) programs, but will be useful to any primary school teacher, and to parents of preschoolers and primary schoolchildren in home schooling.
